Open Science

A computationally efficient multi-scale planar-averaging framework for urban areas is developed, which enables efficient computation of coarse-grained velocity and scalar fields. We apply the multi-scale framework to a large-eddy…

The effects of trees on urban flows are often determined in computational fluid dynamics simulations using a quadratic drag formulation based on the leaf-area density 𝑎 and a volumetric drag coefficient 𝐶 𝑉 𝑑 . We develop an analytical…

We explore the fundamental flow structure of temporally evolving inclined gravity currents with direct numerical simulations. A velocity maximum naturally divides the current into inner and outer shear layers, which are weakly coupled by…

Indoor air quality in schools and classrooms is paramount for the health and well-being of pupils and staff. Carbon dioxide sensors offer a cost-effective way to assess and manage ventilation provision. However, often only a single point…

Heat pumps (HPs) have emerged as a key technology for reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. This study evaluates the potential switch to air-to-air HPs (AAHPs) in Toulouse, France, where conventional space heating is split…

Displacement ventilation, where cool external air enters a room through low-level vents and warmer air leaves through high-level vents, is characterised by vertical gradients in pressure arising from the warmer indoor temperatures. Models…

We study the mixing processes inside a forced fountain using data from direct numerical simulation. The outer boundary of the fountain with the ambient is a turbulent/non-turbulent interface. Inside the fountain, two internal boundaries,…

Can we improve the modeling of urban land surface processes with machine learning (ML)? A prior comparison of urban land surface models (ULSMs) found that no single model is “best” at predicting all common surface fluxes. Here, we develop…

Turbulent mixing layers in nature are often characterised by the presence of a mean shear and an unstable buoyancy gradient between two streams of different velocities. Depending on the relative strength of shear versus buoyancy, either…

We investigate the enstrophy dynamics in relation to objective Eule- rian coherent structures (OECSs) and their impact on the enstro- phy and scalar transport near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) in flows with and without…

The surface area of turbulent/non-turbulent interfaces (TNTIs) is continuously produced and destroyed via stretching and curvature/propagation effects. Here, the mechanisms responsible for TNTI area growth and destruction are investigated…

We perform a series of experiments to measure Lagrangian trajectories of settling and rising particles as they traverse a density interface of thickness h using an index-matched water-salt-ethanol solution. The experiments confirm the…

We explore the dynamics of inclined temporal gravity currents using direct numerical simulation, and find that the current creates an environment in which the flux Richardson number $\mathit{Ri}_{f}$ , gradient Richardson number…

We present a laboratory experiment of the initial growth of a turbulent patch in a stably stratified fluid. The patch is created due to a localized source of turbulence, generated by a horizontally oriented and vertically oscillating grid…

We demonstrate that diffusiophoretic, thermophoretic, and chemotactic phenomena in turbulence lead to clustering of particles on multifractal sets that can be described using one single framework, valid when the particle size is much…

We present a direct numerical simulation (DNS) data set for a statistically axisymmetric turbulent jet, plume, and forced plume in a domain of size 40 r0 × 40r0 × 60r0,w h e r er0 is the source diameter. The data set supports the validity…

We examine the structure of the turbulence boundary of a temporal plane jet at $\mathit{Re}= 5000$ using statistics conditioned on the enstrophy. The data is obtained by direct numerical simulation and threshold values span 24 orders of…

The Leray-$α$ model reduces the range of active scales of the Navier-Stokes equations by smoothing the advective transport. Here we assess the potential of the Leray-$α$ model in its standard formulation to simulate wall-bounded flows.…

A combined experimental and numerical study of the boundary layer in a 4:1 aspect-ratio Rayleigh-Bénard cell over a four-decade range of Rayleigh numbers has been undertaken aimed at gaining a better insight into the character of the…

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of and to model the processes controlling the amplitude of the wind of Rayleigh-Bénard convection. We analyze results from direct simulation of an L / H =4 aspect-ratio domain…

The scaling of the kinematic boundary layer thickness u and the friction factor Cf at the top and bottom walls of Rayleigh-Bénard convection is studied by direct numerical simulation DNS . By a detailed analysis of the friction factor, a…